Local Hormone Landscape: Mapping the Intricate World of Paracrine and Autocrine Signaling in a Mindmap
Embark on a visual exploration of local hormones with our comprehensive mind map.
Discover the intricate world of paracrine and autocrine signaling, where cells release hormones to communicate with nearby cells or themselves.
Visualize the diverse roles of local hormones in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair.
Here is a detailed comprehensive mind map of the physiology topic “Local Hormones”:
Central Idea: Local Hormones
Main Branches:
- Definition and Characteristics
- Types of Local Hormones
- Paracrine Signaling
- Autocrine Signaling
- Functions of Local Hormones
- Regulation of Local Hormone Activity
- Clinical Correlations
Sub-branches:
Definition and Characteristics
- Definition
- Hormones produced by cells and acting locally
- Do not enter bloodstream
- Characteristics
- Short half-life
- Localized action
- Autocrine and paracrine signaling
Types of Local Hormones
- Prostaglandins
- Produced by cyclooxygenase
- Involved in inflammation and pain
- Leukotrienes
- Produced by lipoxygenase
- Involved in inflammation and immune response
- Histamine
- Produced by mast cells and basophils
- Involved in allergic responses and inflammation
- Bradykinin
- Produced by kininogen
- Involved in pain and inflammation
Paracrine Signaling
- Definition
- Signaling between nearby cells
- Local hormone production and action
- Examples
- Prostaglandins and leukotrienes in inflammation
- Histamine in allergic responses
Autocrine Signaling
- Definition
- Signaling within the same cell
- Local hormone production and action
- Examples
- Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in platelet activation
- Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in cell growth and differentiation
Functions of Local Hormones
- Inflammation
- Prostaglandins and leukotrienes
- Histamine and bradykinin
- Immune Response
- Leukotrienes and histamine
- Cytokines and chemokines
- Cell Growth and Differentiation
- PDGF and TGF-β
- Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Regulation of Local Hormone Activity
- Enzyme Regulation
- Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase
- Kininogen and kininase
- Receptor Regulation
- Prostaglandin and leukotriene receptors
- Histamine and bradykinin receptors
Clinical Correlations
- Inflammatory Disorders
- Prostaglandins and leukotrienes in arthritis and asthma
- Histamine and bradykinin in allergic responses
- Cancer
- PDGF and TGF-β in tumor growth and angiogenesis
- FGF and VEGF in tumor angiogenesis
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Prostaglandins and leukotrienes in atherosclerosis
- Histamine and bradykinin in hypertension and vasodilation
This mind map provides a comprehensive overview of local hormones, including their definition and characteristics, types, paracrine and autocrine signaling, functions, regulation, and clinical correlations.
